Compensation: Limousine Business Operators

Market Evaluation Limousines are a rich and agreeable methods for transport, and are unmistakably more favored than plain lease a-vehicle courses of action. The vehicle rental business, be that as it may, has enhanced from the exemplary dark stretch limo to an increasingly broadened and current vehicle armada extending from cars, limo transports, and even stretch SUV's with tremendous seating limits. As per most recent information, nearly 400 million Americans reserve limousine spot from vehicle rental firms every year for an assortment of reasons: among them air terminal pick ups and moves, engaging business and corporate customers, too groundbreaking events, for example, weddings, proms and other parties. The immense traffic and short sit tight for an arrival on speculation has caused in excess of two or three hundred new limousine organizations to develop each year.Although rivalry in the limo showcase is as of now firm, there will consistently be space for limousine business admi nistrators whose point is to give first rate administration that give customers esteem for their cash. The normal compensation for a limousine driver in Austin, Texas, for 2012 was $23,550 or $11.33 every hour. The 50th percentile of pay for a limousine driver in Austin, Texas, was $22,140 or $10.64 every hour. The normal limousine organization designates 25% of its spending plan for pay and benefits.The late monetary recuperation and expanded buyer interest for limousine administration brought about 61% of limousine administrations expanding income in 2012. Business and expert customers include 61% of the client base for limousine benefits and ought to be the objective client base for the company.Compensation Structure Mr. Stonefield pay structure ought to mirror the organization strategy and objectives by setting a need on client support, rehash business,â new customer referrals, and security. What the organization can stand to pay and actualizing projects to remunerate execution that adjust representative pay to the achievement of the organization ought to be the premise of the pay structure The pay structure should keep fixed work costs low and spot accentuation on advantages, impetuses, and merit based-pay.

Free College Admissions Essays: Marching On :: College Admissions Essays

Walking On   Sweat trickling down my face and butterflies vacillating around my stomach as though it was the Garden of Eden, I took in a profound inhale and asked myself: For what reason am I so apprehensive? All things considered, it is only the most energizing day of my life. When the appointed authorities reported for the Parsippany Hills High School Marching Band to initiate its show, my psyche blanked out and I was very nearly losing mental stability. Mammoth's Stadium inundated me, and as I pointed my instrument up to the appointed authorities' stand, I assembled my musings and set my mouth into the super cold mouthpiece of the contrabass. Prepared or not, I shot, here comes the best give you will ever observe. There is no word to depict the inclination I acquire through music. Be that as it may, there is no word to portray the agony I endure so as to be the best in the band either. At the point when I changed my instrument to tuba from woodwind in seventh grade, much to my dismay the disti nction it would make in the four years of secondary school I was soon to understanding. I joined walking band in ninth grade as my continuous love for music waxed. At the point when my teacher set the 30 lb. sousaphone on my shoulder on the main day, I lost my parity and would have fallen had my companions not put forth the attempt to get me. During rehearses, I generally endeavored to facilitate the uneasiness as the sousaphone slice through my neckline bone, however in the end my shoulder began to anguish and seep under the weight. My perseverance and my push to play the best show without grumbling about the weight took care of when I got the honor for Tenderfoot of the Year. For the following three periods of band practice, the hurt and work proceeded. At whatever point the band had practice, trailed by a football match-up and afterward an opposition, my mind would obscure from weakness and my body would shout in misery. In any case, I pointed my toes high noticeable all around a s I walked on, enthusiastic about the movement. Accordingly, my band educator saw my drive toward music and I was named Quartermaster for my lesser year, being trusted with sorting out, conveying, and gathering garbs for every one of the seventy-five individuals from the band. The obligation was enormous. It required some investment, yet the supposition of realizing that I was a significant piece of band made everything advantageous. Free College Admissions Essays: Marching On :: College Admissions Essays Walking On   Sweat dribbling down my face and butterflies shuddering around my stomach as though it was the Garden of Eden, I took in a profound inhale and asked myself: For what reason am I so apprehensive? All things considered, it is only the most energizing day of my life. When the adjudicators reported for the Parsippany Hills High School Marching Band to start its show, my brain blanked out and I was very nearly losing mental stability. Monster's Stadium overwhelmed me, and as I pointed my instrument up to the appointed authorities' stand, I accumulated my contemplations and set my mouth into the super cold mouthpiece of the contrabass. Prepared or not, I transmitted, here comes the best give you will ever see. There is no word to depict the inclination I get through music. Nonetheless, there is no word to depict the torment I endure so as to be the best in the band either. At the point when I changed my instrument to tuba from woodwind in seventh grade, much to my dismay the distinction it would make in the four years of secondary school I was soon to understanding. I joined walking band in ninth grade as my progressing love for music waxed. At the point when my teacher put the 30 lb. sousaphone on my shoulder on the principal day, I lost my parity and would have fallen had my companions not put forth the attempt to get me. During rehearses, I generally endeavored to facilitate the uneasiness as the sousaphone slice through my neckline bone, however inevitably my shoulder began to struggle and seep under the weight. My perseverance and my push to play the best show without whining about the weight took care of when I got the honor for New kid on the block of the Year. For the following three periods of band practice, the hurt and work proceeded. At whatever point the band had practice, trailed by a football match-up and afterward an opposition, my cerebrum would obscure from exhaustion and my body would shout in distress. By and by, I pointed my toes high noticeable all around as I walked on, energetic about the action. Therefore, my band educator saw my drive toward music and I was named Quartermaster for my lesser year, being trusted with sorting out, dispersing, and gathering garbs for each of the seventy-five individuals from the band. The duty was colossal. It required some investment, however the feeling of realizing that I was a significant piece of band made everything advantageous.

Business Law Business Regulation

Question: Depict about the Business Law for Business Regulation. Answer: Writing on the significant Business law and Due Diligence that are seen to be appropriate to the case venture/association Business law includes laws associated with various business associations and foundations, similar to, organization work law, law dependent on contracts, copyright, licensed innovation and so forth. ALDI is business association that works in the field of retailing and in this manner for its situation the principle laws will be founded on the selling and purchasing of the merchandise and ventures that it offers to its clients (Barker, 2005). A portion of the fundamental laws that ALDI needs to follow being a retailer are: Customer Guarantees Act According to the Consumer Guarantees Act if a customer purchases a thing or profits a help from a store or business association and that specific great or administration can't convey the guaranteed advantage then the business association or store needs to give the correct cure or answer for it (Davenport and Parker, 2011). Reasonable Trading Act As indicated by the Fair Trading Act (1986) a business association offering a specific item to its clients needs to give sharpens insights regarding it and on the off chance that using any and all means the clients get misdirected about it, at that point the organization would break the Fair Trading Act (Watson, Gleeson and Higgins, 2013). Loads and Measures Act According to the Weights and Measures Act (1987) the business association ought not give less measure of good to the clients than what they paid for then the business association would be lawfully subject. In this manner a client has the privilege of checking the weight and estimation of the products purchased by them (Gibson and Fraser, 2005). Due ingenuity can be characterized as the level and power of care, assurance, judgment and judiciousness that is anticipated from an individual or association under a specific circumstance. If there should arise an occurrence of a business association due persistence is the way toward directing an itemized examination of the association so as to guarantee that each and everything is being worked in the most ideal manner conceivable (Gibson and Fraser, 2007). Due Diligence in an organization alludes to the administration and leaders of the organization being completely mindful of the different commitments of the organization including the obligations, leases, understandings, work contracts and so on. Survey industry best practice models where accessible Aldi gives top notch basic food item items to their items. The most pertinent legitimate zones for Aldi are protected innovation laws, Australia business and condition laws and Australian fare and import laws. Due industriousness is material in the business circumstances where there is buy and offer of items and administrations and exchanges including associations, merger and procurement of coordinate elements. The Australian laws and guidelines ought to be trailed by Aldi so as to work its business properly and productively. Licensed innovation law of Australia ensures organizations and urges advancement so as to improve upper hand in the market. It incorporates trademarks, licenses, mystery formulae and procedures (Gray, 2009). Australian patent guarantees insurance and legitimate rights to hinder outsiders from utilizing, selling and assembling an innovation. Aldi ought to keep these laws and guidelines. The organization should enlist the exchange mark as the promoting instrument. Copyright law in Australia is intended to ensure and energize associations that put resources into their ability and time in the formation of creative items. The legal structure enrolls the organizations of Australian for planning reason. The structure application contains plan comparable to various plans or numerous items. The corporate administration and governing body ought to adhere to every one of these laws so as to work their business exercises suitably. Australian agreement law gives security and legitimate rights to both the gatherings in the agreement (Lucadou-Wells and Bourke, 2015). The terms and conditions are resolved and assessed so as to give assurance to the organizations who went into the agreement. Australian government, region and state government enactment secures network, condition and purchasers and furthermore advancing rivalry, reasonable exchanging. The laws should be trailed By Aldi so as to expand their exchange rehearses. The opposition laws guarantee r easonable exchanging for customers and organizations. The Australian Consumer Law gives guidelines on item wellbeing, buyer rights, contract terms, punishments and understandings. The national principles and legal systems are created to manage data gauges and item security. It guarantees that hurtful products are not showcased in the nation (Austrade.gov.au, 2016). The organization ought to likewise produce products according to the laws and guidelines. Australian Government has executed standards and guidelines to control the activities of organizations. Facilitated commerce understandings energize organized commerce rehearses with different nations. The strategies, laws and guidelines force fundamental effect on the tasks of an association. Aldi ought to observe the laws and guidelines of Australian government. Build up a theoretical model of the key elements or necessities under the law to consider when building up your Project Plan Model assistance to give a reasonable and exact thought regarding the key business laws which help to give a system to the organization to decide organization key statistical data points in regards to by and large development and any legitimate commitment related with the infringement of the demonstration. Based on the few key statistical data points related with the law assists with illuminating the organization center viewpoint in this way in the end help the organization two decide the general development factors. Building up a center calculated model assists with deciding the key factors under such law fortuitous which help to decide the general key statistical data points (Shaw, 2003). Research technique is viewed as help to give a superior system to decide the key data identified with the organization key laws identified with the general legitimate commitment. The information gathered from the applied model is either from essential and optional source. The essential and auxilia ry wellspring of information is considered to assume an indispensable job in deciding the key factors under the law and furthermore viewed as crucial for building up the venture plan which is connected with the ALDI association. Access to and use of the Site is given completely dependent upon these terms of use. These terms and conditions (the Site Terms) comprise an official comprehension among you and ALDI Stores (Tomasic, 2001). Sympathetically read these Website Terms meticulously before using the Site. Your dealings with ALDI Stores and your usage of the Site is in like manner spoke to by the ALDI Stores Privacy Policy, which is merged into and outlines some portion of these Website Terms. You ought not use the Site if you don't agree to be limited by these Website Terms. In any case, as by and large unequivocally communicated on the Site and to the full degree permitted by law, the Site and all information contained inside it concerning or relating to ALDI Stores and its related components, things and organizations is given as might be and on an as open premise with no portrayal or bolster made and without assurance of any kind, regardless of whether imparted or proposed (Vickery and Pendleton, 2006). Components of things depicted or outlined on the Site (checking, without limitation, things delivered or provided through our business accessories or providers which are appeared on the Site and their characteristics) are evaluated just and subject to change without warning. To the full degree permitted by law, a reference to things on the Site isn't and doesn't construe an assurance, portrayal or protection that the things will be open at whatever point in your particular domain. Rundown If there should arise an occurrence of ALDI, the due ingenuity is associated with the exchange of business including the offer of merchandise and the acquisition of different items and administrations. This would incorporate the deal, work contract, tenant agreement, rundown of stock, client rundown and rundown of gear. Dealing with every one of these components in the best possible way would prompt the satisfaction of due persistence. These assistance in moving up the money related cases of both the purchaser and the merchant. Due tirelessness helps the leaders of an organization to take appropriate and solid choice when the organization experiences significant buying choices. It likewise helps in monitoring the workers and the clients and understanding their needs and prerequisites simultaneously. This guides the entire improvement of the organization as both the representatives and the clients get happy with the manner by which the organization handles every single part of staying with the working in a legitimate and agreeable way. References Austrade.gov.au. (2016).Understanding Australian business guideline - Austrade. [online] Available at: https://www.austrade.gov.au/International/Invest/Guide-to-contributing/Running-a-business/Understanding-Australian-business-guideline [Accessed 21 Aug. 2016]. Barker, D. (2005).Essential Australian law. Sydney, N.S.W.: Cavendish. Davenport, S. also, Parker, D. (2011).Business and law in Australia. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia. Gibson, A. also, Fraser, D. (2005).Business law. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Prentice Hall. Gibson, A. also, Fraser, D. (2007).Business law. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Dim, A. (2009). State-Based Business Licensing in Australia: The Constitution, Economics and International Perspectives.Deakin Law Review, 14(2), p.165. Lucadou-Wells, R. also, Bourke, J. (2015). Showing Business Law: Some Ethical Dimensions from Australia.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 209, pp.102-108. Mann, T. (2009).Australian law word reference. South Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press. Shaw, M. (2003).International law. Cambridge,

How Spandex is Produced Essay - 275 Words

How Spandex is Produced (Essay Sample) Content: NameCourseDateCan wearing spandex have negative side effects on your body?IntroductionSpandex is some of synthetic fiber having unique characteristics of elasticity and durability. This aspect makes it very applicable in sporting activities. The invention of this material is attributable to a chemist known as Joseph Shivers in the year 1958. The spandex has expansion abilities as its name suggests. It is made with a polymer base synthetic fabric which gives it the unique to expand by almost 600% percent and be able to spring back without losing its form for a long period of time. As such, spandex has gained popularity in its application in those sporting activities because it allows the athletes to wear tight fitting sporting clothes such as pants and t-shirts that adjusts to their body shapes, but also allows them the comfort of breathing. It is also important to state that spandex is mostly won by women. The popularity of the spandex in the sporting activities is a n indication that the use of the same is likely not to be halted any time soon. Nevertheless, it is important to explore the production, the rise and importance of the spandex in the fashion industry, the health issue associated with its use and the possible solution to the same. The above areas of interests form the basis of the discussion in this paper.How Spandex is ProducedTwo or more types of Prepolymers are mixed to form Spandex. The dry-spinning method is used in the production of spandex. In this method, the reaction of the macroglycols(-OH) and isocyanates is initiated resulting to molecular additions that result into a polymer chain through a process known as polymerization (Anslyn David, 793). Octane is used as a catalyst in the reaction process. Addition of weight amines is also done at the reaction stage so as to achieve a favored molecular weight of the fiber. Stabilizers are then added to the fiber for protection against aspects such as light, heat and other contami nants in the atmosphere. Monomeric and polymeric antioxidants are also added to the fiber for enhanced protection. Particular attention is undertaken to protect the fiber from light by the addition of hydroxybenzotriazoles which are Ultraviolent (Anslyn David , 794)The Rise and Important of Spandex in the fashion IndustryIt is important to state that a lot of prior efforts had been made in relation of the application of nylon as a possibility in the clothing industry. Therefore, the invention of the spandex was an invention that was much needed at that time and is still very important as of the present. Nylon had been used to make clothing clothes in the past, but various issues were raised in relation to the energy requirements for making the same, and the safety of suffocation as far as security was concerned.The rise of spandex can be said to have been triggered by the increased need of the wash and wear demands. The need for ironing was being washed away as people wanted a typ e of clothing that would be free from wrinkles after washing (Cook, 63). Attempts and different approaches had been made earlier to produce a type of clothing that would fulfill this demand. Polyester was then the choice at that time, but still could not offer the much needed specifications and the aspect of comfort that were must requirements. Efforts in the search for clothing that would meet the comfort standards and the other specification was therefore continued which resulted to the invention of the spandex.Performance was one of the specifications that were much sought during the early days. Some other specification as mentioned before included the need body fitting clothing as well as a required level of comfort. These as said was the motivating factor for the invention of the spandex which utilized the highly flexible polyurethane with the capabilities of stretching up to seven times and springing back without losing the form. The durability of the spandex was a major conc ern and as such, a small amount of fabric had to be mixed with the polyurethane. The importance of the fabric is that it has the performance of rubber as well as the performance of the fiber hence the success of the spandex.The performance aspects are still used by fashionists in the manufacture of spandex. They argue that performance precedes fashion. This statement is an indication that the textile industries just like other industries is driven by the demands and needs of the consumer. One of the need being that of enhanced comfort ability which has been the driving factor for the development in the spandex. The consumers understanding of the benefits of the spandex can be said to be the reason for the massive development in the spandex fashion. Consumer are well aware that the spandex is more comfortable provides body retention and is very durable (Cook, 123). Permanence of the color is also another benefit that is associated with spandex, and this also fits the expectation of the consumer. Furthermore, the development of the spandex in the fashion industry is related to peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s lifestyles. This is especially so with the need of women to move very fast and as a result their demands for clothing that are more comfortable. The world has also been experiencing casual lifestyles. These lifestyles require clothing products that need less caring and with enhanced comfort ability standards (El, Mogahzy, 67). Spandex actually fits all these considerations hence the development of the spandex in the fashion industry. Currently, spandex is used in making bandages, underwearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s, knitwear and so many products, hence implying its importance. In other words, development of the spandex in the fashion industry is likely to continue for many years to come.Health RisksSpandex as seen above has had a lot of success and it popularity is still growing. Despite the success and many benefits associated with spandex, a number of health related risks have been associated with the use of spandex. One of the material that is used in spandex garments s latex, which is associated with allergic reactions. Latex is mostly used in waist bands of the pants which makes inevitable to use. Nevertheless, it uses ids discouraging because of the associated allergic reactions. It has been further established that latex allergies trigger multiple allergies. Individuals are also likely to develop reactions towards the dyes used in spandex as a result of the latex.Spandex is the material that is mostly used in the Muffin Tops making one to look sleeker. However, the tightness of the same is very unhealthy because it is squeezes the nerves that run down from the head to the abdomen causing the Melafgia Paresthetica disorder. This causes the pain in the thigh region of the body. This is also the case with tight-fitting pants. Tight pants are a product of the spandex, examples being the most favored skinny jeans. These jeans are unhealthy since they compres s the thigh he...

Case Profile For The Council For Human Rights - 725 Words

RUNNING HEAD: Case Profile Case Profile for The Council for Human Rights Chris Surfus, MBA, MPA Western Michigan University School of Public Affairs and Administration PADM-6400 Nonprofit Governance Professor Kelly Trusty, Ph.D. August 17, 2015 Case Profile for The Council for Human Rights Introduction Organization History The Council for Human Rights, formerly known as The Tolerance, Equality, and Awareness Movement or â€Å"TEAM,† is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt human rights organization that was founded in March 2010 by Chris Surfus. Surfus decided to incorporate this nonprofit formally after experiencing sexual orientation discrimination at a local business in Grand Rapids, MI. Surfus wanted to ensure that others did not have to experience the type of discrimination that he endured, and he wanted to be an advocate for those who are unable to defend themselves from egregious violations of human rights. The board of directors was formed in November 2009, while the organization lost most of its founding directors within the first two months. However, Surfus was not discouraged and continued to pursue his passion of being a human rights advocate. It was his inspiration from Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. that kept him going (â€Å"Organization History,â⠂¬  2015, p. 1). Throughout 2010, TEAM grew its online presence as a means for generating public support. The organization advocated for students that were bullied at West Michigan schoolShow MoreRelatedFinding Out Housing Opportunity For People Living1433 Words   |  6 Pages In this written work I will try to find out housing opportunity for people living in Camden. I will also look at the available policy and resources. 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Abraham Lincoln Served As The President Of The United States

Abraham Lincoln served as the 16th President of the United States from March of 1861 to April of 1865, when he was assassinated while still president. In the years of Lincolns’ presidency, the United States’ bloodiest war wreaked havoc throughout the nation. This war was the Civil War, and Lincoln lead his country, The United States of America, through it successfully. On April 12th, 1861, the American Civil War officially began, and on May 9th, 1865, it ended. Therefore, almost the entire time Lincoln served as President, the Civil War was happening. Shortly after Lincolns’ inauguration, the United States was on the outbreak of Civil War and some of the southern states were trying to secede from the Union. Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican to be the President of the United States of America. The states were trying to secede from the Union because they were opposed to Lincoln becoming president. 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Upon attending an ABC school, Abraham

Types of Communication free essay sample

Report. Communication Forms: Written: Written communication is a way of two individuals to communicate. E. G. text messaging, email, letters, and reports. When writing an email to someone, It can make it easier for you and the person receiving the email because it is instant and do not have to wait for it to be received either through the post or finding the person to give It to them. An email can be useful because an email can be sent to many different people instead of just one person receiving it. Phones can receive emails hich is useful because if the person is out they can receive the email to their phones. Problems with emails Is that the emails can be sent to a trash folder which means you will not know that you have been sent the email. Not every email is received and having a crowded inbox can mistake you for a different email or you may not see the email. Another form of non-verbal communication is writing. Many people do not utilize this form as much as the others, but it can be one of the strongest and potent forms of communication available. Writing down your thoughts or ideas allows you to organize them and say exactly what you want in a concise orderly style. Many people do not even realize how often they do utilize writing to get their messages to others. Written letters have fallen out of style, but with the invention of the internet, many people have started using writing much more every day. Instant Messaging is one of the most popular forms of communication being utilized today. The skills that we develop in communications are vital in order for us to have more relations personally and professionally. The relations that we gain help us to grow while providing us a key resource for providing quality communications. Without efficient skills in communication our roles in life are restricted and the way people view us could be slighted. Proper communication processes inside an organization are important in order for individuals to collaborate with others. This also helps the business to grow. Successful communication needs to occur two ways. The communication method includes the following: †¢ Sender- Person that speaks first or kicks off the communication. †¢ Receiver- The listener or the person to whom the communication is intended. †¢ Message- What the sender wishes the listener to understand. Feedback- The grapevine of the communication. Interpersonal communication begins after a few seconds when two way communications begin. The senders will talk while receiving reactions from listeners. Proper communication will consist if the senders are able to read the listeners actions and adjust as needed. Case in point is if there is a change in tone, the speaker can speak louder or simpl ify the wording. Types of Communication Through the years, technology has significantly changed society’s methods of communicating. Communication methods began with body language and later developed into verbal language. Smoke signals, lanterns and drum beats were later used to communicate through short distances. This form of communication became cumbersome and the communication medium broadened and offered more challenges and innovations in the years to follow. The ability to communicate over larger distances was improved with such innovations as the Pony Express in the 19th century, and during World War I, carrier pigeons were used to send messages. The first real breakthrough in long distance communication was the Morse code, developed by Samuel Morse in 1844. Morse code was the language used with the telegraph, consisting of a series of dots and dashes which translated into the alphabet (L. A. Lievrouw, 2006). Alexander Graham Bell’s ingenious invention of the telephone in 1876 opened the door for Martin Cooper’s cell phone invention in 1973. This new technology gave people the freedom to communicate from any location, without being restricted by a telephone cord. The cell phone opened the door for the communication industry as well as to several challenges, opportunities and word-wide competitiveness because of the growing technology trend. The introduction of the cell phone altered and improved the way people communicated around the world and was a boost to the economy. There are numerous types of communication that help with transmitting information from one business function to other groups within the company. The information that is shared usually relates to specific topics or situations that need rectifying. The first type of communication is formal communication which is a statement that has been agreed upon. The second type is informal communication. This type of communication is when there are no agreed upon processes and items are received through a grapevine effect. Within the types of communication there are methods of communication. These methods of communication include face to face, writing, e-mail, presentations, phone calls, meetings, and reports. Interpersonal communication can be found in various aspects of life. How we communicate many times makes up what other people think and observe of us. Poor communication often times is the main problem in a troubled relationship. To better understand communication a person must acknowledge many different aspects, including speech, body language, and context. Context, the time place or occasion when communication is encoded, has a very large role in transmitting a message. With out the rite context, a message could be perceived as the opposite as it was intended. The best way to begin to understand the communication process is to understand the interactive communication model. First there is a sender who encodes a message to the receiver. The receiver then decodes this message depending on the context of the situation, and the speaker’s credibility. Perception and the knowledge of how we perceive our selves, as well as others, are important in understanding our communication style. Body language is one of the most expressive and universal forms of communication and probably the least thought about. Try to sit for one minute without speaking. Even if you are able to keep from moving you will still communicate rigidity and anxiety. Nonverbal communication involves those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the speaker and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or listener. Basically it is sending and receiving messages in a variety of ways without the use of verbal words. It is both intentional and unintentional. Most speakers / listeners are not conscious of this. (Poytatos, F. , 1988, P22) Theoretical writings and research break nonverbal communication into the seven main areas: body movement or kinesics, physical characteristics, touching behavior, vocal quality or paralanguage, the use of space or proximity, and the environment. A combination of these aspects makes up the nonverbal part of the total message. (Dwyer, J. , 2002) Body movement, or kinesics, includes movements of the hands, head, feet and legs; posture, eye movements and facial expressions. All these affect the message. (Dwyer, J. , 2002, p71) Physical characteristics such as body shape, general attractiveness, body and breath odors, weight, hair and skin color are important parts of nonverbal communication as well. Our physical appearance sends a message about our age, sex and occupation. (Dwyer, J. , 2002) Stroking, hitting, holding or guiding the movement of another person are examples of touch behavior that are used nonverbally. Each of these adds a different meaning to a message. (Dwyer, J. , 2002, p76). In most human relationships, touching can give encouragement, express tenderness, and show emotional support. For example, a handshake, can suggest dominance or equality. Paralanguage is that part of language associated with the use of language, but is not the word system. It comprises the voice qualities and vocalizations that affect how something is said rather than what is said. (Dwyer, J. , 2002, p77) For example, increased volume is generally associated with anger and decreased volume with confidentiality; high speed may be associated with impatience and low speed may be associated with pensiveness or uncertainty. Proximity refers to nearness in place. It is influenced by the nature of the encounter, the type of relationship and cultural factors such as gender or nationality. (Dwyer, J. , 2002, p77) Take for example students sitting on a heater on a cold day. Students who have a close, but not intimate, relationship and who would normally sit around 1m apart sit so close that they almost touch each other. It seems, however, that the fact that they are both facing in the same direction reduces any discomfort they may feel about being so close together. Gaze is also much reduced. Artifacts are objects used to convey nonverbal messages about self-concept, image, mood, feeling and style. (Dwyer, J. , 2002, p78) For example, perfume, clothes, lipstick, glasses and hairpieces project the style or mood of the wearer. Environmental factors can affect the outcome of a communication as well. For this reason, organizations spend time designing office space, factory layout and the sales area, and plan for conferences carefully to make an ideal environment that puts people at ease and matches their expectation; an unsuitable environment can produce ‘noise’ that acts as a barrier and interferes with communication. Dwyer, J. , 2002, p78) For example, some managers divide their offices into personal and impersonal areas because environment can affect the level of their comfort. This can improve the communication process if the areas are used for the purposes intended. Some of the problems that may occur if verbal and nonverbal messages disagree include; if the words do not match the nonverbal behavior, people tend to believe the nonverbal part of the message. Words can be contrived, while the nonverbal behavior will seem to reveal the sender’s feelings or thoughts more spontaneously and honestly. When you are in doubt about the meaning of nonverbal behavior check it out with the person sending the message rather than make assumptions or pass judgment. Gestures and body movements are nonverbal behaviors that contribute to the total message. The total message is understood more easily when you follow the four-step process below: hear the words, see the nonverbal behavior, check out their meaning with the sender when the verbal and nonverbal message are different, consider the context or setting. For example, you see someone in a meeting sit back and fold his arms. If you say, ‘I see you’re in a closed posture’, you are making an assumption in your interpretation of the nonverbal part of the message. It is more useful to check out the meaning by replacing your interpretation with a simple description: ‘You’ve just folded your arms. ’ This lets the person reply with ‘Yes, my shoulders are aching’ or ‘Yes, I feel uncomfortable, even threatened by the suggestion’. † (Dwyer, J. , 1997, p28) To most people, nonverbal communication may be treated more significant than verbal, as there are more truthful and honest. When it comes to making impressions, body language counts for 55% of the overall impression, the tone of voice counts for 38% and what you actually say carries a mere 7% of the weight. While the total message is made up of the spoken words and the nonverbal communication make the greatest impact. †(Lowe, S. , 1996) When we talk we rarely trust words alone to convey our messages. We shift our weight, stand close to the other person or far away, wave our arms, smile or frown, speak loudly or softly, touch or don’t touch, or use other nonverbal behaviors to emphasize or clarify what our word mean. (Johnson, D. , 1993, p. 157) Verbal and nonverbal messages communicate as a total message. They may be in agreement with each other, or they may disagree. If the verbal and nonverbal messages are inconsistent, the nonverbal part of the message has the stronger effect and is the more credible part of the total message. Another form of non-verbal communication is writing. Many peopl e do not utilize this form as much as the others, but it can be one of the strongest and potent forms of communication available. Writing down your thoughts or ideas allows you to organize them and say exactly what you want in a concise, orderly style. Many people do not even realize how often they do utilize writing to get their messages to others. Written letters have fallen out of style, but with the invention of the internet, many people have started using writing much more every day. AOL Instant Messenger is one of the most popular forms of communication these days. The ability to speak effectively is as crucial as the ability to write effectively, according to studies about kinds of communications most often required of employees. During a routine week, employees will actually spend more time speaking than writing; using the phone; conversing informally with colleagues, subordinates, and superiors on routine office topics; conducting meetings; working in problem solving groups; conducting employee evaluation sessions; participating in teleconferences and sales presentations; and frequently becoming involved in formal speaking situations before groups inside and outside the organization. Communication research also reveals that the higher an employee moves in an organization, the more important speaking skills become. Just as writing effectively depends on you understanding your reader as thoroughly as possible, effective speaking depends on you understanding your listener. You cannot speak or write effectively to people without first understanding their perspective. You must know how your audience will likely respond based on its members educational and cultural background, knowledge of the subject, technical expertise, and position in the organization. Oral presentations, like written presentations, can enhance an employees reputation within an organization. Therefore, consider every speaking opportunity an opportunity to sell not only your ideas but also your competence, and your value to the organization. Conclusion Successful communication is a needed skill that can be developed with practice. Without it, business would never get done. Successful business communication is needed in order for individuals to work together as a group. Developing and understanding the communication process individuals can build up their perceptions in order to properly share information. Communication is something that we all do every day of our lives. You can only get better at it by practicing and working on your weak points by doing them. Some people might feel that it is very difficult to deliver a speech in front of a group of people. . The only way to get better at it is by practicing. The same is true for all forms of communicating. Words can have astonishing power; Picture all the people you know who are dynamic, successful and self-confident, the ones who are the stars of every gathering, the people who are witty, intelligent and entertaining. These super confident people are never tongue-tied, never shy, and never afraid to express an opinion. You will never see them cowering in their seats too shy to express their views or sitting quietly in a corner while others are making all the important decisions. But, what is their secret? They have discovered the astonishing power of words. They always know what to say and how to say it. They use words to control and take command of every situation. Communication is the key!